heuristics

According to the Webster dictionary heuristic is involving or serving as an aid to learning, discovery, or problem-solving by experimental and especially trial-and-error methods.

A heuristic is a easy way to permits individuals to tackle issues and make judgments rapidly and effectively based on the experience or common sense.

These rule-of-thumb methodologies will lower the time of thinking and permit individuals to work without always ceasing to consider their next strategy. Heuristics are useful in many ways; however, they can also create biases.

Heuristics could be critical parts in both critical thinking and decision-making.

When people are attempting to solve one issue or make a choice, people frequently use heuristics to make the quick choice when people are required to make a fast arrangement.

The world is loaded with data, and the brain could not scan and analysis all of the data at the first time.  The fast choice could not let people to break down each data and analysis each circumstance or choice.

Because the final goal is to solve the issue, so we do not need to analysis all the data related to the problem.  Heuristics could use the data we experienced and to accelerate the choice making progress, the brain relies on these mental strategies to simplify things so we don't need to examine everything about the issue.

According to Cherry (2015), two basic heuristics incorporate the accessibility heuristic and the representativeness heuristic.

The availability heuristic means the final choice is based on how easy it is to bring something to mind on the decision- making progress.  When people start to look questions the brain will quickly remember a number of relevant examples. Since these are many experience or related knowledge in memory, people will use these memory to make decision. For example, if people trying to book a fight to travel, and he remembered several bad news about the air-fight company, he might change his mind to book another company's fight. 

Retrieved from http://www.airzena.com/?l=E&m=6&sm=42

The representativeness heuristic means when people make decisions, they will compare the present situation to the most representative mental prototype. For example, some people will look other's dress or behavior to guess their jobs. 

Retrieved from http://giftedhealthcare.com/